Django搭建第一个网站

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Django搭建MyOne过程记录

接触django也有一段时间，因为期末考试忙也没有写博客～
这几天打算把自己写的练手项目重头梳理一遍部署到云端～
就把过程记录下来啦
使用django1.10 python2.7

0.前言

Tango with Django 中文文档： http://hackerxu.com/Twd/
所有网站素材均来源与网络，仅供个人学习使用。
素材来自于《One.一个》

1.新建一个Django项目

使用的编译器是pycharm
生成之后：
init.py:这是一个空的脚本,用来告诉Python编译器这个目录是一个Python包.
settings.py:用来存储Django项目设置的文件.
urls.py:用来存储项目里的URL模式.
wsgi.py:用来帮助你运行开发服务,同时可以帮助部署你的生产环境.
在项目里还有一个叫做manage.py的文件.这个文件是我们开发项目时经常使用的文件,它为我们提供了一系列的Django命令.
例：python manage.py runserver

创建名字叫One的应用.在你的Django项目的目录里,运行如下命令:
$ python manage.py startapp one
这个命令在你的项目根目录里创建了一个新的名叫one的目录 - 这里面包含了5个Python脚本.
init.py,和我们前面说过的功能一样.
models.py,一个存储你的应用中数据模型的地方 - 在这里描述数据的实体和关系.
tests.py,存储你应用的测试代码.
views.py,在这里处理用户请求和响应.
admin.py,在这里你可以向Django注册你的模型,它会为你创建Django的管理界面.

2.配置

规划如图，首页用来展示最近的图文。
所有的图文已经爬取下来放入数据库中，这一步不做详细描述啦。

先改setting配置：

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INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'one'
]
# 数据库
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        # 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        # 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'webone',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': '',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '3306',
        'CHARSET': 'utf8',
        'TEST_CHARSET': 'utf8',
        'TEST_COLLATION': 'utf8_general_ci',
    }
}
# 语言和静媒
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh_Hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'  # You may find this is already defined as such.

TEMPLATE_PATH = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')
TEMPLATE_DIRS = [
    # Put strings here, like "/home/html/django_templates" or "C:/www/django/templates".
    # Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
    # Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
    TEMPLATE_PATH,
]

STATIC_PATH = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'static')

STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    STATIC_PATH,
    ('css', os.path.join(STATIC_ROOT, 'css').replace('\\', '/')),
    ('js', os.path.join(STATIC_ROOT, 'js').replace('\\', '/')),
    ('images', os.path.join(STATIC_ROOT, 'images').replace('\\', '/')),
    ('upload', os.path.join(STATIC_ROOT, 'upload').replace('\\', '/')),
)

MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')  # Absolute path to the media directory

myone url 添加： url(r’^’, include(‘one.urls’)), # ADD THIS NEW TUPLE!

3.生成models

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# This is an auto-generated Django model module.
# You'll have to do the following manually to clean this up:
#   * Rearrange models' order
#   * Make sure each model has one field with primary_key=True
#   * Make sure each ForeignKey has `on_delete` set to the desired behavior.
#   * Remove `managed = False` lines if you wish to allow Django to create, modify, and delete the table
# Feel free to rename the models, but don't rename db_table values or field names.
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.db import models
import sys

reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')


class AuthGroup(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(unique=True, max_length=80)

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'auth_group'


class AuthGroupPermissions(models.Model):
    group = models.ForeignKey(AuthGroup, models.DO_NOTHING)
    permission = models.ForeignKey('AuthPermission', models.DO_NOTHING)

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'auth_group_permissions'
        unique_together = (('group', 'permission'),)


class AuthPermission(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    content_type = models.ForeignKey('DjangoContentType', models.DO_NOTHING)
    codename = models.CharField(max_length=100)

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'auth_permission'
        unique_together = (('content_type', 'codename'),)


class AuthUser(models.Model):
    password = models.CharField(max_length=128)
    last_login = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True)
    is_superuser = models.IntegerField()
    username = models.CharField(unique=True, max_length=150)
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    email = models.CharField(max_length=254)
    is_staff = models.IntegerField()
    is_active = models.IntegerField()
    date_joined = models.DateTimeField()

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'auth_user'


class AuthUserGroups(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(AuthUser, models.DO_NOTHING)
    group = models.ForeignKey(AuthGroup, models.DO_NOTHING)

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'auth_user_groups'
        unique_together = (('user', 'group'),)


class AuthUserUserPermissions(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(AuthUser, models.DO_NOTHING)
    permission = models.ForeignKey(AuthPermission, models.DO_NOTHING)

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'auth_user_user_permissions'
        unique_together = (('user', 'permission'),)


class Daily(models.Model):
    id = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
    hpcontent_id = models.CharField(max_length=11, blank=True, null=True)
    hp_title = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    author_id = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True)
    hp_img_url = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    hp_img_original_url = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    hp_author = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    ipad_url = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    hp_content = models.CharField(max_length=800, blank=True, null=True)
    hp_makettime = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    hide_flag = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    last_update_date = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    web_url = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    wb_img_url = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    image_authors = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    text_authors = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    image_from = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    text_from = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    content_bgcolor = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    maketime = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    praisenum = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True)
    sharenum = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True)
    commentnum = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True)
    template_category = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'daily'


class DjangoAdminLog(models.Model):
    action_time = models.DateTimeField()
    object_id = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)
    object_repr = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    action_flag = models.SmallIntegerField()
    change_message = models.TextField()
    content_type = models.ForeignKey('DjangoContentType', models.DO_NOTHING, blank=True, null=True)
    user = models.ForeignKey(AuthUser, models.DO_NOTHING)

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'django_admin_log'


class DjangoContentType(models.Model):
    app_label = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    model = models.CharField(max_length=100)

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'django_content_type'
        unique_together = (('app_label', 'model'),)


class DjangoMigrations(models.Model):
    app = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    applied = models.DateTimeField()

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'django_migrations'


class DjangoSession(models.Model):
    session_key = models.CharField(primary_key=True, max_length=40)
    session_data = models.TextField()
    expire_date = models.DateTimeField()

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'django_session'


class RangoCategory(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(unique=True, max_length=128)

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'rango_category'


class RangoPage(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=128)
    url = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    views = models.IntegerField()
    category = models.ForeignKey(RangoCategory, models.DO_NOTHING)

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'rango_page'


4.编写view

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# coding=utf-8
import sys

from django.core.paginator import EmptyPage
from django.core.paginator import PageNotAnInteger
from django.core.paginator import Paginator
from django.shortcuts import render

from models import Daily

default_encoding = 'utf-8'
if sys.getdefaultencoding() != default_encoding:
    reload(sys)
    sys.setdefaultencoding(default_encoding)


def index(request):
    # Construct a dictionary to pass to the template engine as its context.
    # Note the key boldmessage is the same as  in the template!

    # Return a rendered response to send to the client.
    # We make use of the shortcut function to make our lives easier.
    # Note that the first parameter is the template we wish to use.

    dailylist = Daily.objects.order_by('-id').all()[:5]  # 查询所有的信息
    print(type(dailylist))  # 打印结果类型与结果值
    for s in dailylist:
        print (s.hp_title.decode('utf-8'))
    context_dict = {'content': dailylist}

    return render(request, 'one/index.html', context_dict)


def about(request):
    # Construct a dictionary to pass to the template engine as its context.
    # Note the key boldmessage is the same as  in the template!
    context_dict = {'boldmessage': "I am bold font from the context"}

    # Return a rendered response to send to the client.
    # We make use of the shortcut function to make our lives easier.
    # Note that the first parameter is the template we wish to use.

    return render(request, 'one/about.html', context_dict)


def search(request):
    result_list = []
    limit = 5  # 每页显示的记录数

    if request.method == 'POST':
        query = request.POST['query'].strip()

        if query:
            # Run our Bing function to get the results list!
            result_list = Daily.objects.order_by('-id').filter(hp_content__contains=query)
            paginator = Paginator(result_list, limit)  # 实例化一个分页对象

            page = request.GET.get('page')  # 获取页码
            try:
                result_list = paginator.page(page)  # 获取某页对应的记录
            except PageNotAnInteger:  # 如果页码不是个整数
                result_list = paginator.page(1)  # 取第一页的记录
            except EmptyPage:  # 如果页码太大，没有相应的记录
                result_list = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)  # 取最后一页的记录

    else:
        query = request.GET.get('query')
        result_list = Daily.objects.order_by('-id').filter(hp_content__contains=query)
        paginator = Paginator(result_list, limit)  # 实例化一个分页对象

        page = request.GET.get('page')  # 获取页码
        try:
            result_list = paginator.page(page)  # 获取某页对应的记录
        except PageNotAnInteger:  # 如果页码不是个整数
            result_list = paginator.page(1)  # 取第一页的记录
        except EmptyPage:  # 如果页码太大，没有相应的记录
            result_list = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)  # 取最后一页的记录

    return render(request, 'one/search.html', {'result_list': result_list, 'query': query})

5.添加映射

one/urls

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urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'),
    url(r'^about', views.about, name='about'),
    url(r'^search', views.search, name='search'),
]




###myone/urls
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^', include('one.urls')),  # ADD THIS NEW TUPLE!

]

6.源码

https://github.com/ZhangMengRou/MyOne

效果图：
！img